The causative agent of brucellosis is a Gram-negative non-motile bacterium of the genus Bru.cella (Brucella), which are able to parasitize inside cells. For humans, pathogenic, i.e. causing the disease, of which there are four types:
The most severe course of the disease is caused by Brucella melitensis. Bacteria are excreted into the external environment with urine, feces, milk, blood of the carrier, amniotic fluid. In addition, the common fly Stomaxys calcitrans (autumn fly) can serve as a carrier of infection.
The penetration of bacteria into the body occurs through microtrauma of the skin, mucous membranes, or by eating contaminated food, especially raw milk or other dairy products made from unpasteurized milk. Aerogenic penetration of bacteria into the body is also possible, which is important in conditions of poor ventilation in large flocks.
Brucella can live stably in the environment - in the ground, manure, on the wool of livestock, even at low temperatures, but they die when exposed to disinfectants or boiling.
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At risk of infection are veterinarians, farmers, meat-packing workers, as well as enterprises for the procurement of leather and wool.
Primary-latent - characterized by small clinical manifestations (slightly enlarged lymph nodes, elevated body temperature), which increase or move to the next stage of the disease when immunity is weakened. The patient's ability to work is preserved.
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Acute septic - characterized by high body temperature with large fluctuations during the day, chills, excessive sweating. At the same time, the patient feels well enough and maintains working capacity. A week later, without help, he observes an increase in the spleen and liver, the lymph nodes are moderately enlarged, some are slightly painful. In the absence of lisinopril pill, the duration of the phase can last more than 30 days.
Primary chronic (with metastases). It can develop bypassing the acute phase of the development of the disease, or as an outcome of the acute septic period. It is characterized by a sluggish course with all the signs characteristic of brucellosis.
- Secondary chronic (with metastases). According to the symptoms, the primary and secondary chronic forms of the disease do not differ.
- However, there are changes in various organs and systems - first of all, the liver and spleen increase, the functioning of the musculoskeletal system is disrupted, and then disorders of the nervous and genitourinary systems develop.
Primary latent.
- The most effective against Brucella are the following groups of antibiotics - fluoroquinolones, tetracyclines, aminoglycosides. To increase efficiency, 2 antibiotics from different groups are used, one of which should act on the pathogen at the cellular level.